٤-الحضارة الفرعونية .الاسرة الثالثة. اول هرمPharaonic Civilization, Third Dynasty. first pyramid الإمارات العربية المتحدة

هي اول اسرة للمملكة القديمة من الحضارة الفرعونية شهدت بناء اول مقبرة في التاريخ علي شكل هرم من اهم ملوكها الملك زوسر صاحب هرم سقارة فترة حكم الاسرة الثالثة 75 سنة فقط الا انها شهدت استقرار سياسي ويرجع ذلك لسهولة انتقال الحكم بين الاسرتين وعلي الارجح ان الاسرتين تربطهم صلة قرابة ومن نتائج الاستقرار السياسي هو انتقال ملوك الاسرة الثالثة لمقر الحكم بمدينة منف قام ملك من الاسرة الثالثة باقامة تمثال لملك لاسرة الثانية وهو خع سخموي كان لها لقب ام الملك بالاسرة الثالثة الاسرة الاولي والثانية هي عصر الاسر المبكرة و الاسر 3 و 4 و 5 و 6 هي الدولة القديمة والاسر 7 و8 و9 و 10 والجزء الاول للاسرة 11 الفترة الانتقالية الاولى والاسر من 11 و 12 و13 و14 الدولة الوسطى والاسر من 15و 16 و17 الفترة الانتقالية الثانية والاسر من 18و 19 و 20 الدولة الحديثة والاسر 21و 22 و23 و24 و 25 الفترة الانتقالية الثالثة والاسر من 29 وحتى 31 عصر الاسر المتأخرة قام ملوك الاسرة الثالثة بوضع اسس لدعم حكمهم بمصر وقد شهدت تلك الفترة نهضة معمارية كبيرة الملك زوسر ويعتقد انه المؤسس للاسرة الثالثة امتدت فترة حكمه لمصر 29 سنة وهو صاحب اول مقبرة في التاريخ على شكل هرم وهو هرم سقارة المدرج والذي صممه ونفذه وزير الملك امحتب استطاع زوسر فرض سيطرته على كل اراضي مصر كما شهدت مصر نهضة معمارية بسبب استخراج النحاس والفيروز من ارض سيناء كما قام بنقوش صخرة كبيرة بجزيرة بنيل اسوان تحكي عن مجاعة حدثت اثناء حكم زوسر بسبب نقص مياة الفيضان ثم الملك حور ساناختي ولا يزال المعلومات عنه ضئيلة ثم الملك خابا ويعتقد ان فترة حكمه كانت قصيرة لقلة الاثار الخاصة به ثم الملك حوني وهو اخر ملوك الاسرة الثالثة واستمر بالحكم 24 سنة It is the first family of the ancient kingdom of the pharaonic civilization I witnessed the construction of the first cemetery in history in the form of a pyramid One of its most important kings is King Zoser, owner of the Saqqara pyramid Despite the mystery that prevailed in the second family However, the third family was very different from her The third dynasty ruled for only 75 years, but it witnessed political stability Therefore, no strange events occurred during the transfer of power Established by King Mina after the unification of the two countries But the kings of the first and second dynasties had the seat of their rule in the city of Thinis for its political power Among the evidence that confirm the connection of the second and third dynasties is that a king from the third dynasty erected a statue of a king of the second dynasty, Khasekhemwy. In addition to Queen Ni Maat Habi, who was called the mother of the royal children of the second family She was called the mother of the king in the third dynasty The third dynasty is the first dynasty in the ancient state, according to the division of periods of Pharaonic civilization On the division of the periods of the Pharaonic civilization The first and second dynasties are the era of the early families And families 3, 4, 5 and 6 are the old state The families 7, 8, 9 and 10, and the first part of the family 11, the first transitional period The families of the 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th of the Middle Kingdom The families of the 15th, 16th and 17th of the second transitional period The families of the 18th, 19th and 20th of the modern state The families 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, the third transitional period And the families from the 29th to the 31st era of the late families The kings of the Third Dynasty laid the foundations to support their rule in Egypt This period witnessed a great architectural renaissance As for the means of taxes, it was collected by moving from one place to another during the first and second families But the matter differed in the third family, so tax collection was transferred through a center for statistics and data through an official body in the state For the first time in the third family, the position of minister is created As for the kings of the third dynasty, they are King Djoser is believed to be the founder of the Third Dynasty He is also believed to be the son of King Khasekhemwy He is the most powerful king of the third dynasty He ruled Egypt for 29 years He is the owner of the first pyramid-shaped tomb in history, which is the Step Pyramid of Saqqara It was designed and implemented by the Minister of King Imhotep Djoser was able to impose his control over all the lands of Egypt Egypt also witnessed an architectural renaissance due to the extraction of copper and turquoise from the land of Sinai He also carved a large rock on the island of Benil Aswan, telling about a famine that occurred during the rule of Djoser due to the lack of flood water. Then King Hor Sanakhti, and information about him is still scanty Then King Khaba and believes that his reign was short due to the lack of his own monuments Then King Honi, who is the last king of the Third Dynasty, and continued to rule for 24 years

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